Количество страниц: 11 с.
Currently, the use of electron microscopes in medicine is developing intensively, including scanning electron microscopes (SEM), which are designed to solve a huge number of problems in various fields with a wide range of electron accelerating voltages and electron beam energies. The development of an SEM with certain emission characteristics, with a range of lower beam energies for the study of biological samples, is an urgent task because modifying the SEM to solve problems in medicine, for example, would make it possible to obtain higher-quality images of biospecimens for diagnostics and monitoring the effectiveness of therapy. To develop new SEMs with certain characteristics, it is proposed to conduct less expensive research using numerical methods based on mathematical models of processes in electron-optical SEM systems. In this regard, this work sets the task of determining the size and shape of the beam, the main emission characteristics of the field electron cathode (FEC) of the SEM, which is under the influence of the electric field that excites electron emission and the external longitudinal magnetic field by studying the movement of the outermost electron of the beam, taking into account the influence of space charge beam electrons, external magnetic field. In the model, the FEC is approximated by a paraboloid of rotation, and the concept of a boundary “outermost” electron is introduced, the trajectory of which determines the shape and size of the beam. The problem of calculating the emission characteristics along the trajectory of the outermost electron of a FEC is solved using a mathematical model that includes the following equations: motion of the "outermost" electron, Maxwell outside and inside the beam, continuity of the current density, Fowler-Nordheim equation. As a result, a system of 18 first-order ordinary differential equations was obtained, the numerical calculation of which using the 4th order Runge-Kutta method allows us to obtain the emission characteristics of the FEC. As a result, it is suggested that it would be feasible to modify SEMs for more effective use in the medical field, taking into account their increasing use in disease diagnosis and the possible improvement of image quality through the development of FEC SEMs with more suitable characteristics.
Математическое моделирование эмиссионных характеристик полевого электронного катода в растровом электронном микроскопе в условиях исследования биообразцов / С. Н. Мамаева, Н. В. Егоров, Б. В. Яковлев [и др.] ; Северо-Восточный федеральный университет им. М. К. Аммосова, Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет, Московский государственный университет имени М. В. Ломоносова // Вестник Северо-Восточного федерального университета им. М. К. Аммосова. - 2024. - Т. 21, N 1 (95). - С. 70-80. - DOI: 10.25587/2222-5404-2024-21-1-70-80
DOI: 10.25587/2222-5404-2024-21-1-70-80
Количество страниц: 9 с.
- Общественные науки. Образование > Демография. Статистика. Социология,
- Общественные науки. Образование > Экономика. Экономические науки. Политическая экономия > Региональная (территориальная) экономика. Земельный (аграрный) вопрос. Жилищное хозяйство,
- НАУКА ЯКУТИИ > ОБЩЕСТВЕННЫЕ НАУКИ > Демография. Статистика. Социология,
- НАУКА ЯКУТИИ > ОБЩЕСТВЕННЫЕ НАУКИ > Экономика. Экономические науки. Политическая экономия.
Currently, research into the socio-economic development of municipal areas is relevant, including those using various approaches and methods of comparative analysis. The main tool for a comparative analysis of the economic development of municipal districts is the development of an appropriate rating. The ratings make it possible to determine the relationships between municipal districts that have developed over a certain period of time based on basic economic indicators. The scholarly article discusses an approach using an integral indicator in developing a rating of the central districts in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) by the level of their economic development. The implementation of this approach consists of several stages and includes: defining a system of economic indicators, bringing them into a comparable form, standardizing all indicators, calculating the integral indicator, and determining the rating. Twelve economic indicators were selected for the calculations, so that they cover the production and service sectors in a generalized form. The indicators were brought into a comparable form by recalculating them per capita and normalized relative to the corresponding maximum values. The integral indicators of the main economic indicators of the central districts in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) from 2010 to 2021 were calculated using the geometric mean formula based on the corresponding standardized indicators. Municipal districts with the highest integral indicators took a higher place in the ranking. The calculations showed that municipal districts with relatively developed manufacturing and mining industries have higher integral scores and, accordingly, are in a higher place in the economic development ranking compared to agricultural municipal districts.
Охлопков, Г. Н. Определение рейтинга центральных районов Республики Саха (Якутия) по уровню экономического развития с использование минтегрального показателя / Г. Н. Охлопков ; Северо-Восточный федеральный университет им. М. К. Аммосова // Вестник Северо-Восточного федерального университета им. М. К. Аммосова. Серия "Экономика. Социология. Культурология". - 2024. - N 1 (33). - C. 7-15. - DOI: 10.25587/2587-8778-2024-1-7-15
DOI: 10.25587/2587-8778-2024-1-7-15
Количество страниц: 9 с.
- Общественные науки. Образование > Демография. Статистика. Социология,
- Общественные науки. Образование > Экономика. Экономические науки. Политическая экономия > Региональная (территориальная) экономика. Земельный (аграрный) вопрос. Жилищное хозяйство,
- НАУКА ЯКУТИИ > ОБЩЕСТВЕННЫЕ НАУКИ > Демография. Статистика. Социология,
- НАУКА ЯКУТИИ > ОБЩЕСТВЕННЫЕ НАУКИ > Экономика. Экономические науки. Политическая экономия.
The article discusses the problem of the lack of taking into account the factor of regional appreciation when assessing the solvency of taxpayers to determine the maximum revenue limits for the purpose of applying a simplified taxation system. Given the current regional differentiation of market conditions in Russia, small enterprises operate in unequal economic conditions. Guided by the principles of fairness and equality of taxation, it is proposed to clarify the procedures for classifying an economic entity as a small enterprise. By applying the methodology for taking into account regional differentiation of market conditions, it is possible to determine the real income of entrepreneurs in a particular region, which are subject to accounting for taxation mechanisms. It is also proposed to take into account an additional increasing factor to the revenue received by taxpayers when carrying out activities in areas with difficult climatic and geographical conditions. A methodology was developed for calculating the corrective territorial coefficient when determining the income of an entrepreneur, recommended for use in taxation under the simplified tax system. The proposed methodology for calculating the territorial correction coefficient when determining the income of an entrepreneur is preferable in at least three respects: (1) It takes into account the factor of regional price increases on a more representative set of indicators that take into account market conditions; (2) It takes into account the factor of territorial differentiation, the rise in cost of life processes of the population and the economic conditions of the region; and (3) The principle of equal taxation of income of entrepreneurs is observed, taking into account territorial differentiation.
Гуляев, П. В. Оценка региональной дифференциации рыночной конъюнктуры, влияющей на доходы предпринимателей / П. В. Гуляев, Е. Э. Григорьева ; Северо-Восточный федеральный университет им. М. К. Аммосова, Научно-исследовательский институт региональной экономики Севера // Вестник Северо-Восточного федерального университета им. М. К. Аммосова. Серия "Экономика. Социология. Культурология". - 2024. - N 1 (33). - C. 16-24. - DOI: 10.25587/2587-8778-2024-1-16-24
DOI: 10.25587/2587-8778-2024-1-16-24
Количество страниц: 8 с.
- Общественные науки. Образование > Экономика. Экономические науки. Политическая экономия > Региональная (территориальная) экономика. Земельный (аграрный) вопрос. Жилищное хозяйство,
- Общественные науки. Образование > Экономика. Экономические науки. Политическая экономия > Экономическое положение. Экономическая политика. Управление и планирование в экономике. Производство. Услуги. Цены,
- НАУКА ЯКУТИИ > ОБЩЕСТВЕННЫЕ НАУКИ > Экономика. Экономические науки. Политическая экономия.
The river passenger transportation (hereinafter referred to as RPT) in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) ensures the mobility of the population and maintains its status as a socially significant industry. Further development and improvement of the activities of river passenger transport should be associated, first of all, with its technical and technological modernization. Therefore, the issue of modernization of existing vessels of the RPT in Yakutia remains relevant. In order to update the RPT industry in the republic, it is necessary to develop a republic’s plan for the modernization of the RPT industry with the participation of a wide range of experts, and include them in the national development program for the Far East until 2035. The RPT should be integrated with the gas industry, a promising and successful one of the republic, subject to the transfer of the same economic and managerial issues of carriers from the state to the Russian corporate capital. In return, the RPTs should become new participants in the gas motor fuel market of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia), take an active part in its formation and thereby receive an additional impetus for development on a new high-quality basis - gas fuel (LNG or LPG), and in fact, to enter a new segment for ourselves - the gas industry market. Similar projects are already being implemented in the transport industry, trucks, sea and river cargo transportation, rail transport in the Russian Federation and abroad, the next step is river passenger transportation and this step should be taken in Yakutia.
Федоров, Ю. Ю. Модернизация судов речных пассажирских перевозок в Республике Саха (Якутия) / Ю. Ю. Федоров ; Северо-Восточный федеральный университет им. М. К. Аммосова // Вестник Северо-Восточного федерального университета им. М. К. Аммосова. Серия "Экономика. Социология. Культурология". - 2024. - N 1 (33). - C. 38-45. - DOI: 10.25587/2587-8778-2024-1-38-45
DOI: 10.25587/2587-8778-2024-1-38-45
Количество страниц: 10 с.
This article contains research materials on the analysis of the competitiveness of the construction company Utum-Stroy OOO, which is a structural component of Utum+ Group of Companies. This organization is one of the largest representatives of the industry, operating on the market for more than 20 years. The paper presents the characteristics of the activities of this organization, identifies the main competitors, evaluates the level of competitiveness of the organization and develops recommendations for improving its activities. The paper considers the current state of the industry in the city of Yakutsk, as well as internal and external factors affecting the competitiveness of this organization. In addition, analytical calculations are presented to assess the level of competitiveness of Utum-Stroy OOO and an analysis of the activities of the main competitors of this organization is carried out. The presented calculations were carried out for the previous year, which contributes to obtaining the most up-to-date data. The analysis of the competitiveness of Utum-Stroy OOO was carried out in accordance with generally accepted scientific methods, including the express analysis using the Porter method and the PEST analysis of the competitive environment of the organization. Based on the results of the calculations, an assessment of the level of competitiveness of the organization is presented, a list of problems that exist in the organization is determined. Based on the results of the analytical work, the authors developed a list of recommendations, the application of which can increase the competitiveness of the analyzed organization and the effectiveness of the organization’s activities. The content of the recommendations is aimed at improving the management and analytical activities, marketing strategy of the organization’s development. According to the findings, the relevance of the study was confirmed and the need for additional research was noted in order to develop a comprehensive development plan for Utum-Stroy OOO.
Рафаилова, М. С. Исследование и анализ конкурентоспособности предприятия на примере "Утум +" / М. С. Рафаилова, Е. В. Сибилева ; Северо-Восточный федеральный университет им. М. К. Аммосова // Вестник Северо-Восточного федерального университета им. М. К. Аммосова. Серия "Экономика. Социология. Культурология". - 2024. - N 1 (33). - C. 46-55. - DOI: 10.25587/2587-8778-2024-1-46-55
DOI: 10.25587/2587-8778-2024-1-46-55
Количество страниц: 7 с.
In Russia, the year 2021 saw some of the largest forest fires in the country in decades. The area covered by fire in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) amounted to almost 8 million hectares. The official cause was considered to be unauthorized burning of dry grass on agricultural lands. Other factors influencing the growth of the number of fires and the area of their spread should be considered. This article analyzes the impact of climate change on the frequency and severity of forest fires. The effects of climate change on forest ecosystems, the possible increase in the probability of forest fires and the amount of economic damage from the emergency situation in recent years were analyzed. The paper also presents an analysis of changes in the average monthly temperature on the territory of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) according to climate modeling data, based on which possible changes in the number of forest fires due to temperature changes were identified. Recommendations for risk reduction and adaptation to changing climatic conditions in the context of forest fires are proposed.
Влияние климатических изменений на частоту и интенсивность лесных пожаров: перспективы, последствия и риски / П. О. Постникова, С. П. Парникова, Н. И. Тананаев [и др.] ; Республиканский лицей-интернат, Северо-Восточный федеральный университет им. М. К. Аммосова // Вестник Северо-Восточного федерального университета им. М. К. Аммосова. Серия "Экономика. Социология. Культурология". - 2024. - N 1 (33). - C. 56-62. - DOI: 10.25587/2587-8778-2024-1-56-62
DOI: 10.25587/2587-8778-2024-1-56-62
Количество страниц: 9 с.
This article examines the state of land use and increasing its efficiency in agriculture of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia). Land use is one of the key factors in the efficiency of the agricultural sector, an integral part of its development; therefore, the development and application of new approaches to planning and forecasting the main indicators of agriculture are becoming relevant and in demand. A brief analysis reveals low agricultural development and an insufficient share of land suitable for agriculture in the northernmost region of the country. This emphasizes the urgency of the problem of increasing the efficiency of land use. The authors propose to use the developed economic and mathematical model, which takes into account various factors influencing the gross agricultural output of the region. Along with this, the article provides calculations for testing the developed equation. It can be useful in forecasting key agricultural indicators and in developing programs to support and develop agriculture at the municipal and regional levels.
Особенности составления экономико-математических моделей при расчете эффективности использования земель / П. О. Постникова, С. П. Парникова, Н. И. Тананаев [и др.] ; Республиканский лицей-интернат, Северо-Восточный федеральный университет им. М. К. Аммосова // Вестник Северо-Восточного федерального университета им. М. К. Аммосова. Серия "Экономика. Социология. Культурология". - 2024. - N 1 (33). - C. 63-71. - DOI: 10.25587/2587-8778-2024-1-63-71
DOI: 10.25587/2587-8778-2024-1-63-71
Количество страниц: 10 с.
Studying mining as a special branch of the region is certainly relevant. The analysis is based on revealing its role in the formation of the state budget of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia); calculating the localization (specialization) coefficients of the region in terms of Gross Value Added and the average annual number of employees; identifying the industry’s contribution to the formation of the region’s labor resources; and studying the demand for professions in the industry under study using the example of engineers and technicians in a mining camp. The results of activities in the extraction of basic minerals in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) in recent years are summed up; the need for corporations to be provided with the information on regions of their presence and strengthening the inclusion of corporations in sustainable development on environmental issues is revealed. The results of the study showed the continued dependence of the Yakutia’s economy on the mining industry in the midterm, a changed ratio of the export commodity structure in favor of hydrocarbon and coal production, and a reduced role of diamond mining. In the future, it is necessary to focus on more detailed characteristics of shift work mining and its impact on the economy of the region.
Постникова, К. Ю. Роль добывающей промышленности в экономике Республики Саха (Якутия) / К. Ю. Постникова, А. О. Постников, Е. К. Слепцов ; Северо-Восточный федеральный университет им. М. К. Аммосова, МОБУ "Физико-технический лицей" // Вестник Северо-Восточного федерального университета им. М. К. Аммосова. Серия "Экономика. Социология. Культурология". - 2024. - N 1 (33). - C. 72-81. - DOI: 10.25587/2587-8778-2024-1-72-81
DOI: 10.25587/2587-8778-2024-1-72-81
Количество страниц: 11 с.
The article identifies the forms and types of accumulating the khomus (Sakha mouth harp) culture, in particular, the experience of systematization, determination of teaching methods and intensification of efforts aimed at preserving and transmitting the traditions of khomus musical heritage. The results of the author’s project and research activities as a folklore collector, philologist, teacher and educational program developer are substantiated. The ways of preserving, developing and popularizing the performing local tradition of playing the khomus are determined, an analysis of the forms and types of organizational pedagogical work on the reconstruction of the Vilyui (Suntar) school of playing the khomus is presented. The study also examines the problem of preserving and further developing traditional culture, the functioning of the mechanism of reproduction, transformation and accumulation of the accumulated local ethnocultural heritage of the Sakha people in the khomus culture. The theoretical and methodological basis were the works of E.S. Markaryan, I.E. Alekseev-Khomus Uibaan, A.P. Bozhedonova, A.A. Grigorieva, G.S. Popova, etc. The results of the study can be applied in developing the scientific foundations of the ethnocultural content of khomus performing traditions in the sections of regional cultural studies, musical folklore and Yakut traditional music, as well as in testing the conditions, forms and means necessary for the development of educational programs for a traditional school of playing the Yakut khomus.
Никитина, А. К. Формы и виды аккумуляции культуры хомуса в условиях авторской культурно-образовательной площадки: опыт и поиски / А. К. Никитина ; Тойбохойский республиканский историко-краеведческий комплекс Г. Е. Бессонова // Вестник Северо-Восточного федерального университета им. М. К. Аммосова. Серия: "Экономика. Социология. Культурология" - 2024. - N 1 (33). - C. 82-92. - DOI: 10.25587/2587-8778-2024-1-82-92
DOI: 10.25587/2587-8778-2024-1-82-92
Количество страниц: 9 с.
The article examines the role of municipalities in the development of professional musical culture using the example of the activities of the administration of Vilyuisky District of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) in studying and preserving the creative heritage of the first Yakut composer Mark Zhirkov (1892-1951), a native of the town of Vilyuysk. For the first time, specific activities carried out by this municipality in organizing cultural events at the municipal, regional, national and international levels were studied. Taking into account the cultural, historical and social significance of the outstanding musical figure, highly significant socio-cultural events are held: conferences, round tables, concerts, construction of cultural facilities, educational events, etc. The very personality of a native of the Vilyuisky ulus, who has done so much for the history of the development of the musical culture of Yakutia, obliges him to make very important decisions at various levels of government and, above all, at the municipal level.
Павлова-Борисова, Т. В. Роль муниципальных образований в развитии якутской музыкальной культуры (на примере деятельности администрации Вилюйского улуса Республики Саха (Якутия) по популяризации творческого наследия первого якутского композитора М. Н. Жиркова) / Т. В. Павлова-Борисова ; Северо-Восточный федеральный университет им. М. К. Аммосова // Вестник Северо-Восточного федерального университета им. М. К. Аммосова. Серия: "Экономика. Социология. Культурология". - 2024. - N 1 (33). - C. 93-101. - DOI: 10.25587/2587-8778-2024-1-93-101
DOI: 10.25587/2587-8778-2024-1-93-101