Исследуется временной профиль изотропной интенсивности, компонент векторной и тензорной анизотропии космических лучей (КЛ) в периоды пересечений Землей нейтральной поверхности межпланетного магнитного поля (ММП) в 23-24 циклах солнечной активности. Для определения момента пересечения используется синоптическая карта обсерватории Вилкокса и данные о напряженности ММП. Из дальнейшего анализа исключены периоды Форбуш понижений и наземных возрастаний солнечных КЛ. События анализируются для эпох с положительной и отрицательной полярностями общего магнитного поля Солнца. А также внутри каждой эпохи отдельно выделены переходы от сектора с положительным знаком к сектору с отрицательным знаком и, наоборот, переход от отрицательного знака к положительному. Всего отобрано 213 событий пересечений. Для каждого события с помощью метода глобальной съемки были получены первые две сферические гармоники углового распределения КЛ. Среднее число станций, данные которых использованы в каждом событии, составило в среднем 32. В результате анализа данных полученных вышеуказанными методами показано, что временное изменение изотропной компоненты вызвано возникновением магнитной пробки. Впервые надежно выделены зональные гармоники, доказано существование в области малой энергии антисимметричной суточной вариации КЛ, ориентированной вдоль ММП. Приведено сравнение с ранее полученными результатами.
We analyze time profiles of isotropic intensity, components of vector and tensor anisotropies of cosmic rays (CR) when Earth crosses the neutral sheet of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) in solar activity cycles 23-24. The moments of the crossings are determined from Wilcox Observatory synoptic charts and IMF data. Periods of Forbush decreases and ground level enhancements are excluded from the analysis. The events are analyzed for the epochs of positive and negative signs of the Sun’s general magnetic field. During each epoch, the crossings from the positive sector to the negative one and vice versa are separated. In total, 213 crossing events have been selected. The first two spherical harmonics of the angular CR-distribution are obtained using the global survey method. In each case, the average number of stations is equal to 32. The analysis shows that the temporal change of the isotropic component is caused by a magnetic mirror. For the first time, the zonal harmonics are reliably distinguished, and the existence of the antisymmetric diurnal CR-variation in a low energy range, which is oriented along IMF, is recognized. We compare our results with those obtained earlier.

Впервые произведено разложение наблюдаемой анизотропии космических лучей на зональные гармоники и компоненты векторной и тензорной анизотропии. Рассмотрены события форбуш-понижений космических лучей, произошедших в ноябре 2001 г и ноябре 2004 г. Показано, что в начале форбуш-понижения преобладает конвекционный ток космических лучей, направленный от Солнца, а в период восстановления интенсивности - диффузионный ток частиц вдоль межпланетного магнитного поля в сторону Солнца. На фазах спада интенсивности космических лучей наблюдается кратковременное уменьшение величины второй зональной гармоники, которое совпадает с резкими скачками напряженности межпланетного магнитного поля и скорости солнечного ветра. Во время прохождения крупномасштабных возмущений солнечного ветра тензорная анизотропия ведет себя сложным образом, для объяснения ее поведения требуется дальнейшее детальное исследование.
The observable anisotropy of cosmic rays has first been decomposed into zonal harmonics and components of vector and tensor anisotropy. We examine Forbush decreases in cosmic rays that occurred in November 2001 and November 2004. It is shown that at the beginning of a Forbush decrease an antisunward convective current of cosmic rays predominates; and during the recovery phase, a sunward diffusive current of particles along the interplanetary magnetic field dominates. During the phase of intensity drop, short-time decreases in the second zonal harmonic take place. These decreases occur with abrupt changes of the interplanetary magnetic field intensity and solar wind speed. During the passage of large-scale solar wind disturbances, the tensor anisotropy behaves in a complicated way. To explain its behavior, a further detailed investigation is required.

О находке двух пещерных львят в Якутии

The spatial evolution of vortex-like flow structures induced by a negative sudden impulse (SI-) is studied on the basis of SuperDARN King Salmon HF radar (KSR) with other ground and satellite data. A large dip in the solar wind density induced a fairly large SI- with a SYM-H amplitude of ~40 nT. The SI-induced ionospheric flow signatures in the evening sector (MLT ~ 19 h) were observed by KSR as a westward flow associated with the preliminary impulse (PI) followed by a more intense eastward flow with the main impulse (MI) in the sub-auroral region on the magnetic latitude ~60-70 deg, consistent with the local ground magnetic field observations. Following the first PI-MI flow sequence, KSR saw a second and possibly third sequence of flow variation which were much smaller in flow amplitude than the first pair but showed qualitatively very similar flow variations and latitudinal/longitudinal propagation characterististics/ These observations can be interpreted as aftershocks of the first PI-MI; the same sequence of vortices and field-aligned currents were generated and then drifted anti-sunward with the same mechanism, namely the pumping motion of dayside magnetosphere. These results are qualitatively consistent with predictions suggested by recent numerical simulations.

Об экологическом положении в Республике Саха (Якутия)

The process of the paraffin type asphaltene-resin-paraffin deposits dissolution in the alkane base gas condensate, hexane-benzene mixture (HBM) and hexane at 10 and 25°C is investigated. These deposits are formed during oil production in the Irelyakh field. The comparative effectiveness evaluation of studied solvents is performed by the widely used in practice "baskets" method and the results of kinetic studies.

Peculiarities of the distribution of high-molecular normal alkylbenzenes in the Vendian-Cambrian oils of the Siberian platform are studied according to the data of chromatomass-spectrometry. The predominance of high-molecular homologues with the odd number of carbon atoms in a molecule is established. The possible biochemical precursors and the probable mechanism of the formation of “odd” monoalkylbenzenes are suggested.

О гибриде бурого и белого медведей "бролар", c комментариями биолога Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук (СБРАС) Иннокентия Охлопкова

О вероятности происхождении собак от волков

This paper uses the plasma data from Cluster and TC-1 and geomagnetic data to study the geomagnetic signatures of current wedge produced by fast-flow braking in the plasma sheet. The three fast flows studied here occurred in a very quiet background and were accompanied by no (or weak) particle injections, thus avoiding the influences from other disturbances. All the geomagnetic signatures of a substorm current wedge can be found in geomagnetic signatures of a current system produced by the braking of fast flows, indicating that the fast flows can produce a complete current wedge which contains postmidnight downward and premidnight upward field-aligned currents, as well as a westward electrojet. The Pi2 precursors exist not only at high latitudes but also at midlatitudes. The starting times of midlatitude Pi2 precursors can be identified more precisely than those of high-latitude Pi2 precursors, providing a possible method to determine the starting time of fast flows in their source regions. The AL drop that a bursty bulk flow produces is proportional to its velocity and duration. In three cases, the AL drops are 200 nT, whether a substorm can be triggered depends mainly on the conditions of the braking regions before fast flows. The observations of solar wind before the three fast flows suggest that it is difficult for the fast flows to trigger a substorm when the interplanetary magnetic field Bz of solar wind is weakly southward.